But when we understand the concept of each line, then the chart is very easy to implement.įor an impedance smith chart, there are two circles that define the information and design of the smith chart which are constant R circles and constant X circles. Here, the initial set of lines are termed as constant resistance lines where all are in tangential position each other at the right-hand of the horizontal radius. These circles appear when the impedance’s resistance is kept constant and the X value is varied. With this, the entire points on the constant R circle will have similar resistance values.Īll these points are highlighted on the horizontal line at the location where their intersection this. ZL = 1 + i0, ZL = 1 + i3 and ZL = 1 + i4 Constant X Circles The picture is shown below: Constant Resistance Lines From Circlesįor instance: when the normalized impedance is represented as ZL = R + iX and when R equals to ‘0’ and X equals to any real integral, then This is generally represented as circles’ diameter. #SMITH CHART IMPEDANCE AND ADMITTANCE SERIES#.